L’évolution des espèces – Niveau lycée – Corrigé de la fiche élève 2

		L’évolution des espèces – Niveau lycée – Corrigé de la fiche élève 2

1.
a. The bill forbids biology teachers to teach the theory of evolution. The theory of Divine Creation must prevail. Breaking the law may lead to an expensive fine.

b. Synonymes:
– to prohibit;
– a penalty;
– unlawful (faire décomposer le mot);
– misdemeanor (faire remarquer la terminaison en -or);
– conviction;
– be fined.

c. The modal “shall”, like in the Bible.

2.
a. Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925.
b. The coverage was nationwide, and even worldwide.
c. It was the Monkey Trial.
d. It lasted for one week.
e.
Supporters of the theory of evolution:

Name	Job or function	Arguments
Charles Darwin	biologist	Man is descended from a hairy quadruped.
George William Hunter	biologist	Simple forms of life give rise to more complex ones.
ACLU	American Civil Liberties Union	Supporting freedom. Need to test the law.
Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone	lawyers	The law violates freedom of religion.

Opponents to the theory:

Name	Job or function	Arguments or actions
William Jennings Bryan	congressman (politician)	It is better for man to know that he is closer to God.
John Washington Butler	republican politician	Man appeared thanks to Divine creation.
Austin Peay	governor	Turning the bill into law.
John T. Raulston	judge	Asking a reverend to open the proceedings with a prayer.

f. No, it was approved on a 71-to-5 vote, and then 24-to-6.
g. They convinced Scopes to challenge the law.
h. They wished to attract tourists to the city.
i. trial – judge – to rule – the stand – testimony – court – guilty – appeal – verdict – deliberation fined
j. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.

3.
a. In Pennsylvania, they have decided to ban the teaching of Intelligent Design in public school biology classes.
(Noter la différence entre « public school » aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne.)
b. It was made into a play and then a film starring Gene Kelly and Spencer Tracy.
c.
Common points:
– Like the 1925 trial, the trial in Dover is about teaching evolution or not.
– Both trials were covered by the press.
Differences:
– The verdicts: in Dover, there was no restriction on teaching evolution.
– 1925 trial was a “show trial” (first direct on the radio, TV) as opposed to a “lawyers’ trial”.
– In Dover, there were testimonies from both sides whereas in Dayton, no scientists were invited.
– Contrary to Dayton, the trial in Dover weighed the pros and cons of evolution and Intelligent Design.
d. “Divine creation”, “Intelligent Design”, “creationism”.