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Sorciers, sorcières
Accueil
Fiches d'activités pédagogiques
Niveau primaire
Document support « It’s dark in the bedroom »Mise en œuvre de la séquence (deux séances)
Séance 1 Il s’agit de préparer l’étude de It’s dark in the bedroom, un poème amusant, facile à comprendre et à reproduire oralement. Le professeur demande tout d’abord aux élèves ce qu’ils connaissent des sorcières. Il note leurs réponses au tableau, sous la forme d’une liste qui sera enrichie au cours de la séquence. Witches come out at night. They like the dark/night. They wear black. They’ve got a cape, a hat, a black cat and a broom. They are magic. They make magic spells. They chant. They fly/ride on brooms. They are scary (you are scared). Puis il leur demande de décrire une sorcière : – What do witches wear? – Black hats, capes, etc. – What animal do they have? – Cats (owls, bats, frogs, spiders…). – What colour? – Black. – How do they travel? – On a broom. – When can you see them? – At Hallowe’en. Le professeur peut exploiter en parallèle un album de la série Meg & Mog, illustré par Jan Pienkowski (Prolongement possible). L’aspect humoristique du personnage de la sorcière Meg dédramatisera la peur que certains élèves éprouvent face à ce thème. Il commence par montrer une page représentant Meg et demande aux élèves de la décrire : – What kid of witch is Meg? Scary? – No, she’s funny. She has big black shoes, a funny cat and an owl. Puis il les invite à rechercher en anglais tous les mots qui évoquent la peur ou ce qui leur/nous fait peur : night, stars, moon, dark, twelve (midnight)… Il écrit au tableau les mots « transparents » (terrify, danger, magic), les fait prononcer plusieurs fois. Il fait deviner le sens des mots scared/scary, afraid, en les mimant, et expliquele motnightmare (a bad dream) : – What do you see at night? – The stars, the moon, the dark, nothing at all; ghosts, spooks, monsters, etc. – Why are you scared at night? – It’s dark/spooky/scary. – What makes you/us afraid? – We can’t see, (because) it’s dark. We are alone (in bed). We have nightmares (bad dreams). La séance peut s’achever de manière ludique avec l’apprentissage d’un vire-langue qui sera repris en rituel d’entrée lors de la séance suivante : Three witches watch three Swatch watches. Which witch watches which Swatch watch? Séance 2 Le professeur fait écouter les deux premières strophes du poème (Document support) en mimant.Il demande aux élèves quels mots ils ont repérés, puis les fait répéter en veillant à la prononciation. Il peut aussi leur distribuer un texte à trous et leur demander de le remplir en deuxième écoute : It’s --- in the bedroom It’s dark in the --- The --- strikes twelve You see --- at all You --- the window and --- at the sky Around and around the witches --- The queen --- rides her --- Against the ---, against the moon On procède de la même manière pour les autres strophes. Il est important que les élèves comprennent l’histoire du cauchemar (nightmare). Le professeur met en relation les prépositions et les lieux à l’intérieur de chaque strophe : Strophe 1 – Description of the house: (it’s dark) in the bedroom Strophe 2 – View from the window: (look at the sky) around andaround, against the stars, against the moon Strophe 3 – In the garden: (witches land) on the lawn Strophe 4 – From the garden: (the Queen looks up and see you) there Strophe 5 – In the circle on the lawn: (you’re in the middle) on the ground Strophe 6 – (I want to be) in bed, (a voice repeats) inside your head Strophe 7 – (witches chant) to the moon, (change this child) into a frog Strophe 9 – In bed: (your mother’s there) before your eyes,(your dad’s) beside her, at your bed On peut faire mémoriser les strophes à l’aide d’une « carte mémoire » (fixant les mots-clés : modèle ci-dessous) affichée au tableau. Le professeur divise la classe en neuf groupes, attribue à chacun une strophe, et encourage les élèves à mettre le ton :
On peut également proposer un jeu sonore et s’amuser à retrouver les rimes. Les élèves sont répartis par groupe de quatre : deux d’entre eux sont désignés pour donner un mot et les deux autres, pour retrouver la rime. Strophe 1 : hall, all Strophe 2 : sky, fly Strophe 3 : shout, about Strophe 4 : hold, cold, etc. Pour conclure, la classe présente le poème sous forme de saynète. On distribue les rôles : sorcières (la reine, les autres), enfant et parents. Prolongement possible The “Meg and Mog” StoriesLes albums de la série Meg & Mog, leurs illustrations aux couleurs vives et leurs récits loufoques sont devenus des classiques de la littérature de jeunesse. Les jeunes lecteurss sont immédiatement séduits par les personnages de Meg, la sorcière, et Mog, le chat à rayures (accompagnés parfois du hibou Owl), les onomatopées et les formules magiques. Le site de l’illustrateur de la série, Jan Pienkowski, fourmille d’idées et d’activités susceptibles d’inspirer les enfants pour écrire et illustrer leur propre récit. Ils peuvent travailler en autonomie à partir des images proposées pour chacune des histoires (cliquer sur une couverture ou sur « More information about… », puis sur « View a page from… »), en s’aidant au besoin d’un dictionnaire. www.janpienkowski.com/ Documents
Primaire - Fiche 1
It’s dark in the bedroom
It’s dark in the hall
The clock strikes twelve
You see nothing at all
You open the window and look at the sky
Around and around the witches fly
The queen witch rides her broom
Against the stars, against the moon
Other witches laugh and shout,
land on the lawn and dance about
They are here to make a spell
And terrify you as well
The Queen looks up at your dark house
And sees you hide there like a mouse
She has a cat, a cape and hat
All are black, you know that
They force you down and circle round
You’re in the middle on the ground
You want to leave, you’re scared and cold
You need a human hand to hold
“Stop, witches, I can’t stay,
It’s midnight, I’m afraid to play”
I want to be in bed, I want to be in bed
A voice repeats inside your head
The witches chant to the moon
Danger is in their magic tune
“Abracadabra, rat and dog,
Change this child into a frog!”
Then they start to jump and hum
What you want now is your Mum
“Mum and Dad, help me out!”
You punch and kick and start to shout
“What’s the matter dear?” A voice replies
Your mother’s there before your eyes
Your Dad’s beside her, at your bed
“Another nightmare, sleepy head?” Niveau collège
Documents supports Three pictures from Victor Fleming‘s movie The Wizard of Oz (1939):1. Glenda, the good witch http://movies.yahoo.com/ 2. The Wicked Witch of the West www.answers.com/ 3. The Wizard of Oz (and Dorothy) www.gonemovies.com/ 4. The book-cover to Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908) http://en.wikipedia.org/ 5. Another book-cover representing Dorothy and Glinda of Oz (ca. 1920) http://en.wikipedia.org/ Mise en œuvre de la séquence
Anticipation Projeter une image de sorcière classique (au besoin, on trouve sur internet des images du domaine public : http://commons.wikimedia.org/), avec balai et chapeau. Demander aux élèves de décrire le personnage. Exemple de production orale attendue : She’s got a black hat and a long black dress, she’s ugly, she’s got long black hair and a long nose, she is laughing. She is in the sky. She is bad / not nice. Leur donner au moment opportun les mots suivants : witch, broom, nasty, flying. Procéder de la même façon avec une image de sorcier (par exemple : www.olsn.ca/). Leur donner au moment opportun les mots suivants : wizard, beard, magic wand, cast a spell. Écrire au tableau les mots-clés entendus (y ajouter éventuellement certains des mots à introduire) et les faire prononcer collectivement. Dans la foulée, distribuer la fiche élève et demander aux élèves de faire l’exercice 1. The story Montrer aux élèves l’affiche du film « The Wizard of Oz » (on la trouve sur le site AllPosters : www.allposters.fr/). On peut la projeter, la proposer sous la forme imprimée ou demander aux élèves de la regarder en ligne. Veiller à ce que Oz soit correctement prononcé, avec un « o » ouvert, à l’inverse de celui de la préposition of. Demander aux élèves de décrire la scène sous les personnages (donner Tin Man et Scarecrow) de l’affiche. Ils doivent également repérer la sorcière. Exemple de production orale attendue :There are five people, a girl, an old man, a strange lion, a metal man(Tin Man) and another man (Scarecrow).There’s also a yellow road and the people are dancing on it. The girl and her three friends are following the old man. They are going to see a sort of castle which is shining. The sky is blue and there’s a black witch behind the girl. Certains élèves connaissent peut-être déjà l’histoire de L. Frank Baum. Si c’est le cas, leur demander de la raconter. Dans le cas contraire, le professeur peut : – soit demander aux élèves de lire le synopsis proposé sur le site IMDb (www.imdb.com/), si le niveau de la classe le permet (ce résumé est court mais d’un niveau de langue plus complexe qu’A2), et de le reformuler ; – soit résumer le scénario lui-même et transformer l’exercice en une activité de compréhension orale. À noter : La fiche élève contient des images à remettre dans l’ordre (exercice 2), ainsi qu’un résumé à trous (exercice 3), pour fixer les mots-clés appris lors de la séance. Exemple de résumé attendu : Dorothy Gale is a young girl who lives on a Kansas farm with her Aunt and Uncle, and her little dog Toto. One day a tornado appears: the farmhouse is caught up in the twister and falls down in a magical country. It falls exactly on a witch and it kills her. This was “the Wicked Witch of the East”: she was very bad, “wicked”, with the small people there called “the Munchkins”, who are free and happy now. Glenda, “the Good Witch of the North” appears in front of Dorothy. She thanks Dorothy and gives her the dead witch’s red shoes. But another bad witch comes: she is “the Wicked Witch of the West” and she attacks Dorothy because she wants the red shoes. But Glenda protects Dorothy. And now Dorothy wants to go back to her farm. The only solution is to see the Wizard of Oz. He is a fantastic magician with a fantastic reputation. He lives in Oz. It is a green city, an “Emerald” city, and the road to go there is yellow. On the road Dorothy meets three people: the Scarecrow, the Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion. They want to see the Wizard too. The Scarecrow needs a brain. The Tin Man needs a heart and the Cowardly Lion needs courage. The Wicked Witch tries to stop them but the three will finally get what they want. Group work : the witches and wizard in the film Dans la salle multimédia, répartir les élèves en groupes de deux ou trois. Donner à chaque groupe l’une des cinq adresses des documents supports (plusieurs groupes auront le même document). Le but est de travailler sur l’image de la sorcière (ou du sorcier), et de voir comment le film présente à la fois l’archétype du personnage et son contraire.Chaque groupe choisit son rapporteur. Les élèves doivent tout d’abord répondre au questionnaire de l’exercice 4 de la fiche, qui guide l’observation. Puis chacun des rapporteurs présente à la classe l’analyse de son groupe. Lors de la synthèse, on peut poser aux élèves les questions suivantes : – Are all witches bad in the film? (– No, the Witch of the North is nice: she protects the small people and Dorothy.) – Is the Witch of the North a typical witch? Why not? (– No, she is very different. In children’s stories, witches are ugly and bad: they kill and eat children. She is not dressed like a witch. She travels in a bubble, not on a broom…) – Is the Wizard of Oz a typical wizard? Why not? (– No. He isn’t dressed like a wizard. He can’t do anything; he can’t cast a spell.) – Why are there witches in horror stories? (– Because they frighten people and people love being afraid.) Pourquoi l’auteur donne-t-il systématiquement un double aspect aux personnages, dans un conte destiné aux enfants ? Une rapide discussion en français peut aider les élèves à s’interroger et à proposer des éléments de réponse. « Il ne faut pas se fier aux apparences », par exemple, en classe de cinquième. On peut alors leur demander de reformuler simplement en anglais ce qui a été dit en français, par exemple : The writer says to his readers that they must not believe everything or everybody. Final task Former à nouveau plusieurs groupes en vue d’un role-playing. Chaque groupe joue une scène du film The Wizard of Oz. Si la projection du long-métrage dans sa totalité est impossible, on peut toujours demander aux élèves de visionner la bande-annonce en ligne (www.imdb.com/). Les élèves doivent au préalable écrire le mini-dialogue entre les personnages. On peut leur demander d’y insérer certains mots-clés.Évaluation L’évaluation de l’oral a lieu d’une part lors du group work et de l’analyse d’image par les rapporteurs des groupes, d’autre part à l’occasion du role-playing. Pour ce qui est de l’écrit, des images non utilisées en classe peuvent servir de support à un commentaire libre. À noter que le site officiel de la Warner Bros(http://thewizardofoz.warnerbros.com/) propose un cahier de coloriages au format pdf : cliquer sur « Munchkin land », à gauche dans le bandeau du bas, puis sur « Childrens workbook » en haut à gauche, sous le mot « Wizard ». Et encore : en cliquant sur « Witches castle », puis sur « Photo gallery », on accède à une intéressante série de photos. Fiche élève et corrigé Fiche
– CorrigéProlongement possible On peut proposer aux élèves un extrait du script du film, le passage où Glenda explique qu’elle est une bonne sorcière , depuis « Glinda: Are you a Good Witch or a Bad Witch? » jusqu’à « Only bad witches are ugly. »www.filmsite.org/ Ressources en ligne – The Man Behind the Curtain: L. Frank Baum and the Wizard of OzBiographie circonstanciée de l’auteur du livre, L. Frank Baum (1856-1919), en anglais. www.literarytraveler.com/ – The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Le texte intégral du livre de L. Frank Baum, sur le site de la Carnegie Mellon University, dans le cadre du Projet Gutenberg. www.cs.cmu.edu/ – The Marvelous Land of Oz La première des nombreuses suites du texte original. www.cs.cmu.edu/ – Les versions numériques des livres de L. Frank Baum Au catalogue du Projet Gutenberg figurent non seulement les textes de la série « Oz », mais également pour certains (Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, The Emerald City of Oz, Little Wizard Stories of Oz…) leur version audio. www.gutenberg.org/ Documents
Collège - Fiche 1 1. Dans chaque liste, tu trouveras des mots comportant la même lettre (soulignée). Entoure le mot où la lettre soulignée correspond à un son différent.![]() 2. Remets les images dans l’ordre de l’histoire du film « Le magicien d’Oz ». À chaque image correspond une lettre : retrouve la bonne suite de lettres. ![]() 3. Complète le résumé de l’histoire à l’aide des mots suivants : appears – brain – courage – falls – heart – shoes – tornado – wants – West – wicked – witch – Wizard. After the____________, the farmhouse _________ exactly on a ________ and it kills her. This was “the _______ Witch of the East”: she was very bad. Glenda, the “Good Witch of the North” _________ in front of Dorothy. She thanks Dorothy and gives her the dead witch’s red _______. Another bad witch comes suddenly: she is “the Wicked Witch of the _________” and she attacks Dorothy because she _______ the red shoes. But Glenda protects Dorothy. And now Dorothy wants to go back to her farm, in Kansas. The only solution is to see the ________ of Oz. On the road, Dorothy meets three people: the Scarecrow, the Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion. They want to see the Wizard too. The Scarecrow needs a _________. The Tin Man needs a ________ and the Cowardly Lion needs _________. They’ll meet the Wizard in the city of Oz. 4. Wizards and witches: analyze your picture. a. Who is the person in your picture? b. What passage of the story does it correspond to? c. What is she/he doing? d. What is she/he wearing? e. What can you see behind her/him? f. Have you got a positive or negative impression? Why? g. Is this a typical witch/wizard? Why or why not? Collège - Fiche 1 corrigé 1.![]() 2. C – E – B – D – A 3. After the tornado, the farmhouse falls exactly on a witch and it kills her. This was “the Wicked Witch of the East”: she was very bad. Glenda, the “Good Witch of the North” appears in front of Dorothy. She thanks Dorothy and gives her the dead witch’s red shoes. Another bad witch comes suddenly: she is “the Wicked Witch of the West and she attacks Dorothy because she wants the red shoes. But Glenda protects Dorothy. And now Dorothy wants to go back to her farm, in Kansas. The only solution is to see the Wizard of Oz. On the road, Dorothy meets three people: the Scarecrow, the Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion. They want to see the Wizard too. The scarecrow needs a brain. The Tin Man needs a heart and the Cowardly Lion needs courage. They’ll meet the Wizard in the city of Oz. Niveau lycée
Documents supports 1. Exemples de représentation traditionnelle des sorcières et sorciers – The Pendle Witches www.pendlewitches.co.uk/ – Symbols of Halloween: witches www.students.sbc.edu/ – Les sorcières : gravure de Hans Baldung Grien (1484-1545) www.stanford.edu/ – Wizards: a book cover (Magical Tales from the Masters of Modern Fantasy) www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/ 2. Exemples de supplice réservé aux « sorcières » – Confessing witches: torture devices http://atheism.about.com/ – Executing witches: burning and hanging http://atheism.about.com/ 3. Salem Witch Trials (1692) Un fonds d’archives de l’IATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in Humanities), sur le site de l’université de Virginie. http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/ 4. Information sur l’État du Massachusetts À consulter rapidement, pour situer Salem et se rappeler que la Nouvelle-Angleterre n’était pas encore indépendante à l’époque du procès. www.infoplease.com/ 5. Helen Duncan: Scotland’s last witch Considérée comme la dernière sorcière du Royaume-Uni, elle fut condamnée pour sorcellerie en 1944. www.historic-uk.com/ 6. Pardon call for last ‘witch’ Reportage de la BBC à l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de la mort d’Helen Duncan (2006). La qualité des images vidéo étant assez moyenne, les élèves travaillent essentiellement sur la bande-son. http://search.bbc.co.uk/ Mise en œuvre de la séquence (deux séances) La première séance porte sur les sorcières en général et le cas des sorcières de Salem, au XVIIe siècle, la seconde, sur la période contemporaine avec l’histoire d’Helen Duncan.Séance 1 Une phase d’anticipation à l’oral permet tout d’abord de vérifier les acquis des élèves à partir d’un premier choix d’images (Documents 1), de brasser le vocabulaire de la sorcellerie (les adeptes de la magie noire, description de la sorcière type), des sentiments (éprouvés par le commun des mortels à leur encontre : méfiance, crainte…), puis d’évoquer les différents supplices réservés aux coupables (Documents 2). Ce travail doit susciter une participation active des élèves qui connaissent bien et apprécient ce sujet : phrases plutôt courtes dans la partie descriptive, phrases plus longues pour l’explication (ce que les sorcières font ou sont accusées de faire, les réactions, la « chasse aux sorcières »). Exemples de questions / réponses : – What is a witch? A witch is a person who practices witchcraft, who uses magic. She can either be malevolent (putting a curse on someone) or benevolent (curing, healing). – Who else practices magic? Witches are usually female: their male equivalents are called wizards. There are also magicians, sorceresses, fairies… – Description of the typical witch: what are the typical features, clothes, objects and animals associated with witches? (see Documents 1) A witch is usually old, wrinkled. She has moles or warts on her face, a pointed chin and nose. Her hair is long, greasy, dishevelled. She is often a hunchback. She is dressed in black. She wears a black cloak, a pointed hat. Her familiar objects are: a wand, a broom (flying on a broomstick), a cauldron. Her favourite animals are spiders, bats, owls… – What do witches do? They catch spells, curse people, concoct potions in their cauldron, turn food poisonous but can also cure people and give women fertility. – What do witches use? They use sets of words, formulas, ritual actions, recitation of incantations. They also use magical herbs or potions. – Which historical period is associated with witches? Why? The medieval period / Middle Ages, when religion had a strong influence on people and medicine was not well developed. Women claimed they had magical powers and were called witches. – During this period, on what occasions would people turn to them? People turned/would turn/used to turn to them when they had fertility problems, diseases, or when they wished to punish someone by putting a curse on him or her. They also turned to witches to communicate with the dead. – What was the opinion of the church? The church resented these women and made people believe they had joined a pact with the devil. They represented evil. They were accused of devil worship and heresy. There was also a strong sexual aspect in the accusations made against witches: they were represented in the nude, and accused of having sexual intercourse with the devil. – What happened to many witches? (see Documents 2) Many were accused, tried and sentenced to death: they were hanged, drowned, beaten to death, tortured or burnt. There was a test which aimed at checking if the person was a witch: if she floated, it meant she was a witch (so she was killed) ; if she drowned, it meant that she was innocent (but she died anyway in most cases because she could not swim). – Have you heard of one particular case of witch trial? The Salem Witch Trial. Dans un deuxième temps, les élèves se concentrent sur le célèbre épisode des sorcières de Salem et prennent la mesure de l’hystérie provoquée en 1692 par l’attitude étrange de quelques jeunes femmes et enfants. Ils effectuent un travail de compréhension écrite à partir d’un document informatif (Document 3) et d’un document complémentaire (Document 4). Ils remplissent ensuite une première fiche leur permettant de suivre le déroulement de l’affaire (Fiche élève 1). Cette séance se termine par la mise en commun, à l’oral, des réponses aux questions. Séance 2 La seconde séance approfondit le thème des procès en sorcellerie, mais en changeant de continent et d’époque puisqu’il s’agit de la Grande-Bretagne au vingtième siècle. On s’appuie sur la fiche élève 2.Les élèves commencent par un travail de compréhension écrite à partir d’un document qui résume l’histoire d’Helen Duncan (Document 5). La médium prétendait avoir convoqué l’esprit d’un marin disparu deux ans plus tôt, en 1941, en plein conflit mondial, dans le naufrage du Barham, navire britannique. Or le gouvernement n’avait pas reconnu officiellement la perte de son cuirassé. Par ailleurs, il craignait qu’Helen Duncan ne révèle les préparatifs du débarquement imminent en Normandie. Il l’accusa de sorcellerie, la fit poursuivre en justice et condamner à neuf mois de prison. Ensuite, les élèves visionnent (écoutent) le reportage de la BBC sur la demande de réhabilitation officielle des descendants d’Helen Duncan, en 2006 (Document 6). L’accent écossais des différents intervenants peut rendre la compréhension difficile à l’oral, mais l’essentiel des informations et du vocabulaire aura été vu précédemment. Il s’agit avant tout de repérer les grandes lignes. Pour parachever la séquence, on peut comparer à l’oral les deux procès, celui des sorcières de Salem et celui d’Helen Duncan. Fiches élève et corrigés Fiche 1 – Fiche 2Corrigé de la fiche 1 – Corrigé de la fiche 2 Prolongements possibles – Étude d’extraits des scènes de sorcières dans Macbeth de Shakespeare. – Étude de la pièce du dramaturge américain Arthur Miller, The Crucible, qui met en parallèle la chasse aux sorcières de Salem et le maccarthysme. Documents
Lycée - Fiche 1 Go to www.iath.virginia.edu/A. Choose “Overview” and answer the questions about the general presentation (Brief Account). 1. When did the trials take place and how long did the trials last? 2. Wich place (town, state, region)? 3. What was the political situation of the area by then? (See www.infoplease.com/) 4. How many people were accused? 5. How many people died? 6. How many people were involved? 7. What did people end up doing? Why? 8. What made these trials historical? B. Now, click on “Further Explanation”. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. First paragraph (§. 1) a. What was the situation in the village? b. What started suspicion? c. What may have influenced people’s judgement? 2. Second paragraph (§. 2) a. Fill in the grid about the people mentioned in §. 1 and §. 2.
c. What was the girls’ social background? What consequence may it have had? d. What made the first supposed witches “easy targets”? e. What particular role did Tituba play? f. Pick out all words linked to justice. 3. Third paragraph (§. 3) a. Where did the governor come from? Why? b. What did he decide to do? c. Give the two ways in which accusations spread. 4. Fourth paragraph (§. 4) a. Explain what “spectral evidence” is. How reliable is it? b. What means did they use to make people confess? c. Vocabulary of justice: what new words can be found? 5. Fifth paragraph (§. 5) a. What put an end to the trials? (two things) b. How did Governor Phips feel? 6. Sixth and seventh paragraphs (§. 6 and 7) a. What feelings prevailed after the trials? b. Who did Ann Putnam put the blame on? c. What compensation was offered? Lycée - Fiche 2 A. Go to www.historic-uk.com/ and answer the questions.1. §. 1-2 a. Find the following informations about the woman: – first name; – last name; – date and place of birth; – nationality; – physical detail; – occupation. b. What magical thing did she do? c. What verbal form is used to speak about her usual activities? d. What did the spirits do? 2. §. 3-6 a. Historical background? b. What spirit did she talk to? c. What made the government furious? d. What did the police do? e. What made it chaotic? f. What did they fear? g. Vocabulary: Find antonyms for: – alive; – few; – proclaim something; – to enter; – to succeed; – past (adjective). 3. §. 7-10 a. What was Helen Duncan’s sentence? b. What was she charged with? c. “seven-day trial” / ”nine months in jail”: why is there an -s on “month” and not on “day”? d. When did witchcraft disappear from the law? e. What harassment did Helen Duncan suffer from after her release? What consequence did it have? f. What was the woman’s nickname? 4. Look at the expression “these forms were said to” (§.1). a. Is it an active or a passive form? b. Rephrase it in the other form. 5. Do the same with “it has been alleged that” (§. 6). a. Is it an active or a passive form? b. Rephrase it in the other form. B. Now, go to http://search.bbc.co.uk/. Watch and listen to the whole video, then answer the questions. 1. Overall comprehension a. What is the report about? b. Who are the different speakers? c. What accent do they speak with? d. What are the different pictures you can see? 2. Detailed comprehension a. What kind of family does she belong to? b. What is her feeling when seeing Helen Duncan’s photo? c. How are the two women related? d. What profession is Helen now said to have had? e. How successful was she? f. Which séance is particularly famous? g. What did the government fear? h. What was her defence based on? i. What state is a medium in during a séance? j. What was the jury’s reaction? k. According to her family, what effect did it have on her? l. What attitude did the police have? m. What consequence is it said to have had? n. Whose visit did she get in prison? o. What are the two positive decisions he took? p. What is the family’s last wish? Lycée - Fiche 1 corrigé A. 1. They took place in the late 17th c. and lasted more than a year (14 months). 2. It took place in Salem, Massachusetts, New England. 3. It was a British colony. 4. 160. 5. 25. 6. Hundreds. 7. Many of them confessed to witchcraft even though they were innocent, just to avoid death sentence and save their lives. 8. The number of people involved and accused made these trials unique: there were more people accused and executed than in all previous witch trials. B. 1. a. There was a lot of tension about the minister. b. Two young girls started having convulsions. c. There was a popular book by a minister about a previous case of children being bewitched by a woman. 2. a.
c. Most of them came from rich, “influential” families. People believed them and did not suspect they may have lied or been wrong. d. The women who were pointed at were outcasts (homeless mother, rejected wife, slave). e. She was the first woman to confess to being a witch. She also accused two other women. This convinced the ministers and magistrates there was a conspiracy with the Devil. f. “accusations” – “accused […] of” – “to be accused” – “prejudice” – “magistrates” – “confess (to)” – “confession” – “convinced” – “jailed on charges of” 3. a. He came from England. Massachusetts was still a colony ruled by English people. b. He decided to establish a special court to judge the accused witches who were filling the jails. c. First, they spread geographically (Salem Village, Salem, Boston, Cambridge and Ipswich). Secondly, they spread up the social ladder (to people of high social status : upper class). 4. a. A supposed victim of witchcraft could accuse someone by pretending they had seen the spectre corresponding to his or her attacker. This was considered “evidence”. This method was not reliable because no concrete evidence was given, and anybody could be accused. b. They used persuasion, torture and blackmail: if they confessed to being witches, they were saved, otherwise they were executed. c. “validity” – “trials” – “relying on” – “evidence” – “court” – (to undertake) “the […] prosecution” – “guilty of” – “initiate legal complaints” – “alleging” – “with the presumption of guilt” – “testifying” (to having) – “the law pertaining to capital offenses” – “saved” – “maintained (their) innocence” – “executed” 5. a. – Public opinion had begun to change. – Spectral evidence was no longer allowed. b. He felt guilty / responsible for the lives of innocent people. He justified his passivity by claiming he was “fighting Indians”. 6. a. People felt ashamed, regretful. They felt responsible for what had happened. b. She considered she had been fooled by the devil. c. They cleared the victims’ names and offered money as a compensation. Lycée - Fiche 2 corrigé A. 1. a. – Helen; – Duncan; – 1897, Callander; – British (from Scotland); – 22 stones’ heavy; – a show woman. b. She produced the forms of dead people. c. The modal “would” is used to speak about a habit in the past. d. These forms were said to talk and speak with their family. 2. a. It belongs to the Second World War period. D-Day landings are mentioned. b. She talked with a deceased sailor from a boat which had just sunk. c. The government wished to keep the loss of the ship. d. They arrested her. e. They tried to stop the ectoplasm issuing from her mouth. f. They feared she might reveal other secrets such as the forthcoming landings. g. – deceased; – several; – hush up something; – to issue; – to fail; – forthcoming. 3. a. She was tried and sentenced to nine months in jail. b. She was charged with witchcraft. c. “seven-day” is a compound adjective. d. In 1951, the Witchcraft Acts were repealed/revoked. e. The police kept raiding her séances. She died five weeks after a raid in Nottingham. f. The last witch. 4. a. It is a passive form. b. People said that these forms… 5. a. It is a passive form. b. Some people have alleged that… B. 1. a. It is about Helen Duncan and her family’s wish to clear her name. b. The BBC reporter, Helen Duncan’s granddaughter and a specialist. c. They speak with a Scottish accent. d. – An old woman sitting on her couch, watching a photo album; – historical pictures of the Barham (ship); – historical pictures of Winston Churchill; – a photo of Helen Duncan; – a statue of Helen Duncan; – a graveyard; – old newspapers with articles about Helen Duncan’s arrest. 2. a. She belongs to an extended family. b. She feels proud. c. Helen is her grand-mother. / She is her grand-daughter. d. She was a medium. e. She was very popular. f. The séance in Portsmouth in 1941 when she claimed she saw a dead sailor from the battleship HMS Barham. g. They feared she might reveal other secret information. h. She claimed that, as a medium, she could not remember what had happened. i. She or he is in a state of trance. j. They were not convinced. k. She was never the same after her release from prison. l. They kept inquiring about her and raiding her séances. m. It is said to have led to her death. n. She got Churchill’s visit. o. He decided to repeal the Witchcraft Acts. Spiritualism officially became a religion. p. They wish to obtain the government’s pardon. À propos Conception : Marie-Line Périllat-Mercerot et Claude Renucci (CNDP)Réalisation : Claude Renucci et Anne Vanaret (CNDP) Intégration : Frédéric Boiteau Secrétariat de rédaction : Anne Vanaret Auteurs – École : Cathy Steven, académie de Caen – Collège : Marie-Line Périllat-Mercerot, académie de Créteil – Lycée : Catherine Vinçon, académie de Versailles Poème séquence primaire : © Catherine Steven |
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